GIN 是如何绑定参数的
在GIN这个框架里,可以通过 Bind
系列的函数绑定并且校验参数,我们来看看是如何实现的。
GIN 的binding分为两个系列:
ShouldBind
如果参数无法通过校验,就会返回错误给调用者(对外函数均为 Bind 开头)MustBind
如果参数无法通过校验,就会自动返回400(对外函数均为 ShouldBind 开头)
如果直接调用上面两个函数,就会自动根据 Content-Type
猜测应该去哪里提取参数。其中 MustBind
底层也是调用 ShouldBind
来实现的:
func (c *Context) MustBindWith(obj interface{}, b binding.Binding) error {
if err := c.ShouldBindWith(obj, b); err != nil {
c.AbortWithError(http.StatusBadRequest, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind) // nolint: errcheck
return err
}
return nil
}
ShouldBind
系列的函数有:
ShouldBindJSON
ShouldBindXML
ShouldBindYAML
ShouldBindQuery
ShouldBindHeader
ShouldBindUri
前面三个都是从body里读取内容,我们只看最常见的 ShouldBindJSON
,此外我们再看一下剩下的3个。
ShouldBindJSON
// ShouldBindJSON is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.JSON).
func (c *Context) ShouldBindJSON(obj interface{}) error {
return c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.JSON)
}
// ShouldBindWith binds the passed struct pointer using the specified binding engine.
// See the binding package.
func (c *Context) ShouldBindWith(obj interface{}, b binding.Binding) error {
return b.Bind(c.Request, obj)
}
此处调用的是 b.Bind
,binding.Binding
是一个接口:
// Binding describes the interface which needs to be implemented for binding the
// data present in the request such as JSON request body, query parameters or
// the form POST.
type Binding interface {
Name() string
Bind(*http.Request, interface{}) error
}
因此也就是调用了 json
实现的 Bind
方法:
type jsonBinding struct{}
func (jsonBinding) Name() string {
return "json"
}
func (jsonBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
if req == nil || req.Body == nil {
return errors.New("invalid request")
}
return decodeJSON(req.Body, obj)
}
func decodeJSON(r io.Reader, obj interface{}) error {
decoder := json.NewDecoder(r)
if EnableDecoderUseNumber {
decoder.UseNumber()
}
if EnableDecoderDisallowUnknownFields {
decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
}
if err := decoder.Decode(obj); err != nil {
return err
}
return validate(obj)
}
func validate(obj interface{}) error {
if Validator == nil {
return nil
}
return Validator.ValidateStruct(obj)
}
可以看到,操作顺序就是先把 json 绑定到结构体上,然后调用 validate
函数,而 validate
最终是依靠 Validator.ValidateStruct
这个方法来实现参数校验的,我们来看下 Validator.ValidateStruct
是什么:
// Validator is the default validator which implements the StructValidator
// interface. It uses https://github.com/go-playground/validator/tree/v10.6.1
// under the hood.
var Validator StructValidator = &defaultValidator{}
// StructValidator is the minimal interface which needs to be implemented in
// order for it to be used as the validator engine for ensuring the correctness
// of the request. Gin provides a default implementation for this using
// https://github.com/go-playground/validator/tree/v10.6.1.
type StructValidator interface {
// ValidateStruct can receive any kind of type and it should never panic, even if the configuration is not right.
// If the received type is a slice|array, the validation should be performed travel on every element.
// If the received type is not a struct or slice|array, any validation should be skipped and nil must be returned.
// If the received type is a struct or pointer to a struct, the validation should be performed.
// If the struct is not valid or the validation itself fails, a descriptive error should be returned.
// Otherwise nil must be returned.
ValidateStruct(interface{}) error
// Engine returns the underlying validator engine which powers the
// StructValidator implementation.
Engine() interface{}
}
type defaultValidator struct {
once sync.Once
validate *validator.Validate
}
// ValidateStruct receives any kind of type, but only performed struct or pointer to struct type.
func (v *defaultValidator) ValidateStruct(obj interface{}) error {
if obj == nil {
return nil
}
value := reflect.ValueOf(obj)
switch value.Kind() {
case reflect.Ptr:
return v.ValidateStruct(value.Elem().Interface())
case reflect.Struct:
return v.validateStruct(obj)
case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
count := value.Len()
validateRet := make(SliceValidationError, 0)
for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
if err := v.ValidateStruct(value.Index(i).Interface()); err != nil {
validateRet = append(validateRet, err)
}
}
if len(validateRet) == 0 {
return nil
}
return validateRet
default:
return nil
}
}
// validateStruct receives struct type
func (v *defaultValidator) validateStruct(obj interface{}) error {
v.lazyinit()
return v.validate.Struct(obj)
}
可以看到 Validator
是符合 StructValidator
接口的,具体实现是 defaultValidator
,而 defaultValidator
的 ValidateStruct
实现,底层其实是使用 github.com/go-playground/validator/v10
,它的经典使用就是:
err := validate.Struct(mystruct)
validationErrors := err.(validator.ValidationErrors)
JSON的绑定和校验就是这么完成的,接下来我们看看其它几种类型。
ShouldBindQuery
// ShouldBindQuery is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Query).
func (c *Context) ShouldBindQuery(obj interface{}) error {
return c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Query)
}
type queryBinding struct{}
func (queryBinding) Name() string {
return "query"
}
func (queryBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error {
values := req.URL.Query()
if err := mapForm(obj, values); err != nil {
return err
}
return validate(obj)
}
从 query string 里绑定参数,就不能像JSON那样直接丢到 struct 里然后去校验了,因此我们可以看到,它这里通过 mapForm
函数,
把 values
绑定到 obj
之后,再去校验,我们主要来看看如何绑定:
// values 的类型是 map[string][]string
func mapForm(ptr interface{}, form map[string][]string) error {
return mapFormByTag(ptr, form, "form")
}
func mapFormByTag(ptr interface{}, form map[string][]string, tag string) error {
// Check if ptr is a map
ptrVal := reflect.ValueOf(ptr)
var pointed interface{}
if ptrVal.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
ptrVal = ptrVal.Elem()
pointed = ptrVal.Interface()
}
// 如果ptr是一个map,并且key为字符串的时候,调用 setFormMap
if ptrVal.Kind() == reflect.Map &&
ptrVal.Type().Key().Kind() == reflect.String {
if pointed != nil {
ptr = pointed
}
return setFormMap(ptr, form)
}
// 否则调用 mappingByPtr
return mappingByPtr(ptr, formSource(form), tag)
}
func setFormMap(ptr interface{}, form map[string][]string) error {
el := reflect.TypeOf(ptr).Elem()
// 如果ptr的类型符合 map[string][]string,就直接赋值过去
if el.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
ptrMap, ok := ptr.(map[string][]string)
if !ok {
return ErrConvertMapStringSlice
}
for k, v := range form {
ptrMap[k] = v
}
return nil
}
// 如果ptr的类型符合 map[string]string,就把form里,value中的最后一个值赋值进去
ptrMap, ok := ptr.(map[string]string)
if !ok {
return ErrConvertToMapString
}
for k, v := range form {
ptrMap[k] = v[len(v)-1] // pick last
}
return nil
}
func mappingByPtr(ptr interface{}, setter setter, tag string) error {
_, err := mapping(reflect.ValueOf(ptr), emptyField, setter, tag)
return err
}
func mapping(value reflect.Value, field reflect.StructField, setter setter, tag string) (bool, error) {
if field.Tag.Get(tag) == "-" { // just ignoring this field
return false, nil
}
vKind := value.Kind()
if vKind == reflect.Ptr {
var isNew bool
vPtr := value
if value.IsNil() {
isNew = true
vPtr = reflect.New(value.Type().Elem())
}
isSet, err := mapping(vPtr.Elem(), field, setter, tag)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
if isNew && isSet {
value.Set(vPtr)
}
return isSet, nil
}
if vKind != reflect.Struct || !field.Anonymous {
ok, err := tryToSetValue(value, field, setter, tag)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
if ok {
return true, nil
}
}
// 如果是 struct,依次设置各个field
if vKind == reflect.Struct {
tValue := value.Type()
var isSet bool
for i := 0; i < value.NumField(); i++ {
sf := tValue.Field(i)
// 忽略非公开字段
if sf.PkgPath != "" && !sf.Anonymous { // unexported
continue
}
ok, err := mapping(value.Field(i), sf, setter, tag)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
isSet = isSet || ok
}
return isSet, nil
}
return false, nil
}
上述方法最后通过调用 mapping
来设置值,如果传入的是 struct
或者子结构是 struct
, 就进行递归处理。最终会通过反射,
判断是slice还是array还是普通值,尝试赋值给对应的字段。
ShouldBindHeader
和 ShouldBindUri
也是相似的逻辑。
总结
通过这篇文章,我们可以看到GIN是如何基于validator来实现统一的一套绑定和校验参数的机制,对于 json
, yaml
, xml
这类
值,GIN直接使用对应的库进行解析和赋值,而对于 form
, uri
, query string
, header
等,GIN先将值提取到一个
map[string][]string
(或者他们本身底层就已经是这个类型)里,然后再赋值给对应的 struct
。最后,GIN使用 validator
进行参数校验。总体来说,GIN在这一层面的抽象还是做的很好的,除了上述类型之外,GIN还支持很多种其它类型,例如 msgpack
等。
希望大家有所收获。
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